Lub lag luam teeb pom kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tau dhau los ua qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv uas tau tsav los ntawm kev loj hlob loj hlob ntawm kev siv lub teeb emitting diode (LED) thev naus laus zis. Qhov teeb pom kev zoo hauv lub xeev (SSL) kev hloov pauv no tau hloov pauv qhov kev lag luam hauv qab ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam. Tsis tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom tsim tau raug qhib los ntawm SSL thev naus laus zis, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis los ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo tau hloov pauv txoj kev uas tib neeg xav txog teeb pom kev zoo. Cov teeb pom kev zoo siv thev naus laus zis tau tsim tshwj xeeb los daws qhov kev xav tau pom. Nrog LED teeb pom kev zoo, qhov kev txhawb nqa zoo ntawm cov teebmeem lom neeg ntawm lub teeb rau tib neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv tau ua rau muaj kev xav ntau ntxiv. Kev tshwm sim ntawm LED thev naus laus zis kuj tau ua rau txoj hauv kev rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam (IoT), uas qhib rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb tshiab ntawm kev muaj peev xwm. Thaum ntxov, muaj ntau qhov tsis meej pem txog LED teeb pom kev zoo. Kev lag luam loj hlob thiab cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab tsim ib qho kev xav tau los tshem tawm cov kev tsis ntseeg nyob ib puag ncig cov thev naus laus zis thiab qhia rau pej xeem txog nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
LEDs ua haujlwm li cas?
Ib qho LED yog ib lub pob semiconductor suav nrog LED tuag (chip) thiab lwm yam khoom siv uas muab kev txhawb nqa txhua yam, kev sib txuas hluav taws xob, thermal conduction, kev tswj kho qhov muag, thiab kev hloov pauv wavelength. LED nti yog ib qho pn junction ntaus ntawv tsim los ntawm oppositely doped compound semiconductor txheej. Cov khoom siv semiconductor hauv kev siv ntau yog gallium nitride (GaN) uas muaj qhov sib txawv ncaj qha uas tso cai rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntau dua ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txuas dua li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis ncaj. Thaum lub pn hlws ris yog biased rau pem hauv ntej kev taw qhia, electrons los ntawm conduction band ntawm n-hom semiconductor txheej txav mus hla ciam teb rau hauv p-hluav taws xob thiab recombine nrog lub qhov los ntawm valence band ntawm p-hom semiconductor txheej nyob rau hauv lub pn junction. active cheeb tsam ntawm lub diode. Lub electron-qhov recombination ua rau cov electrons poob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm lub zog qis thiab tso tawm lub zog ntau dhau rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm photons (packets ntawm lub teeb). Cov nyhuv no hu ua electroluminescence. Lub photon tuaj yeem thauj cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm txhua lub wavelengths. Qhov tseeb wavelengths ntawm lub teeb emitted los ntawm lub diode yog txiav txim los ntawm lub zog band sib txawv ntawm lub semiconductor.
Lub teeb tsim los ntawm electroluminescence nyob rau hauv LED nti muaj ib tug nqaim wavelength faib nrog ib tug raug bandwidth ntawm ob peb kaum ntawm nanometers. Qhov qis-band emissions ua rau lub teeb muaj ib qho xim xws li liab, xiav lossis ntsuab. Txhawm rau muab qhov dav spectrum dawb lub teeb ci, qhov dav ntawm spectral fais fab faib (SPD) ntawm LED nti yuav tsum tau nthuav dav. Lub electroluminescence los ntawm LED nti yog ib nrab los yog tag nrho hloov dua siab tshiab los ntawm photoluminescence nyob rau hauv phosphor. Feem ntau cov LEDs dawb ua ke ua ke luv luv wavelength emissions los ntawm InGaN xiav chips thiab lub re-emission ntev wavelength teeb los ntawm phosphors. phosphor hmoov yog dispersed nyob rau hauv ib tug silicon, epoxy matrix los yog lwm yam resin matrixes. Cov phosphor uas muaj matrix yog coated rau ntawm LED nti. Lub teeb dawb kuj tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev siv cov xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav phosphors siv ultraviolet (UV) lossis violet LED nti. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub resulting dawb yuav ua tau superior xim rendering. Tab sis txoj hauv kev no raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm qis vim tias qhov loj wavelength hloov pauv tau koom nrog hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm UV lossis violet lub teeb nrog lub zog Stokes siab.
Qhov zoo ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo
Lub incandescent teeb zoo tshaj ib puas xyoo dhau los revolutionized dag teeb pom kev zoo. Tam sim no, peb tab tom pom cov teeb pom kev zoo digital hloov pauv los ntawm SSL. Semiconductor-raws li teeb pom kev zoo tsis yog tsuas yog xa cov qauv tsim, kev ua tau zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau muaj ntau yam ntawm cov ntawv thov tshiab thiab cov lus pom muaj txiaj ntsig yav dhau los xav tias ua tsis tau. Kev xa rov qab los ntawm kev sau cov txiaj ntsig no yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm kev txhim kho LED system, uas tseem muaj qee qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv khw.
1. Zog efficiency
Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev tsiv mus rau LED teeb pom kev zoo yog lub zog ua haujlwm. Ntau xyoo dhau los, luminous efficacies ntawm phosphor-hloov dawb LED tej pob khoom tau nce los ntawm 85 lm / W mus rau ntau tshaj 200 lm / W, uas sawv cev rau ib tug hluav taws xob rau optical zog conversion efficiency (PCE) ntawm ntau tshaj 60 feem pua, ntawm ib tug qauv kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no Qhov ceev ntawm 35 A / cm2. Txawm hais tias muaj kev txhim kho hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm InGaN xiav LEDs, phosphors (kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib tw rau tib neeg lub qhov muag) thiab pob (kho qhov muag tawg / nqus), US Department of Energy (DOE) hais tias tseem muaj ntau lub taub hau rau PC-LED. Kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm luminous ntawm kwv yees li 255 lm / W yuav tsum tau xyaum ua tau rau xiav twj tso kua mis LEDs. Kev ua haujlwm siab luminous yog unquestionably ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm LEDs tshaj cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj - incandescent (txog 20 lm / W), halogen (txog 22 lm / W), linear fluorescent ({10}} lm / W), compact fluorescent (46-87 lm/W), induction fluorescent ({12}} lm/W), mercury vapor ({13}} lm/W), siab siab sodium ({14}} lm/W) , quartz hlau halide ({15}} lm/W), thiab ceramic hlau halide ({16}} lm/W).
2. Optical xa efficiency
Tshaj li kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, lub peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm siab luminaire kho qhov muag nrog LED teeb pom kev zoo tsis tshua paub zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom siv tab sis xav tau los ntawm cov tsim teeb pom kev zoo. Kev xa tawm tau zoo ntawm lub teeb tawm los ntawm lub teeb ci mus rau lub hom phiaj tau yog ib qho kev sib tw tsim loj hauv kev lag luam. Tsob ntoo zoo li lub teeb emit teeb nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev taw qhia. Qhov no ua rau ntau lub luminous flux uas tsim los ntawm lub teeb yuav raug daig hauv lub luminaire (xws li los ntawm cov reflectors, diffusers), los yog khiav tawm ntawm lub luminaire nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau daim ntawv thov los yog tsuas yog ua phem rau lub qhov muag. HID luminaires xws li hlau halide thiab siab siab sodium feem ntau yog kwv yees li 60 feem pua rau 85 feem pua ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo uas tsim los ntawm lub teeb tawm ntawm lub luminaire. Nws tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau cov teeb pom kev tsis zoo thiab cov troffers uas siv cov teeb pom kev fluorescent lossis halogen teeb pom kev zoo kom ntsib 40-50 feem pua lossis kho qhov muag. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo tso cai rau kev xa cov teeb pom kev zoo, thiab daim ntawv cog lus ntawm LEDs tso cai rau kev tswj hwm ntawm luminous flux siv cov lo ntsiab muag sib xyaw. Cov teeb pom kev zoo LED teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem xa cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntau dua 90 feem pua.
3. Illumination uniformity
Uniform illumination yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tsev ambient thiab sab nraum zoov cheeb tsam / txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo tsim. Uniformity yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub illuminance ntawm ib cheeb tsam. Lub teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev sib faib ntawm cov teeb meem lumens hla ib qho chaw ua haujlwm lossis thaj chaw. Qhov sib txawv ntawm luminance heev tshwm sim los ntawm cov teeb pom kev tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau pom kev qaug zog, cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab txawm tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb vim lub qhov muag xav tau hloov pauv ntawm qhov sib txawv luminance. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ci ntsa iab mus rau ib qho ntawm cov luminance sib txawv yuav ua rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov pom kev pom, uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau kev nyab xeeb hauv kev siv sab nraum zoov uas muaj kev sib tw tsheb. Hauv cov chaw loj hauv tsev, cov teeb pom kev zoo sib xws ua rau muaj kev pom kev zoo siab, tso cai yooj yim ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm kev hloov luminaires. Qhov no tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv cov chaw lag luam siab thiab cov chaw lag luam uas muaj nqi ntau thiab tsis yooj yim koom nrog hauv kev txav luminaires. Luminaires siv HID teeb muaj ntau dua illuminance ncaj qha hauv qab lub luminaire tshaj qhov chaw nyob deb ntawm lub luminaire. Qhov no ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo sib xws (xws li max / min piv 6: 1). Cov neeg tsim teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum tau ua kom lub teeb pom kev zoo kom ntseeg tau tias lub teeb pom kev zoo sib xws raws li qhov tsim nyog tsawg kawg nkaus. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, ib tug loj lub teeb emitting nto (LES) tsim los ntawm ib tug array ntawm me me LEDs ua lub teeb tis nrog ib tug uniformity ntawm tsawg tshaj li 3: 1 max / min piv, uas txhais mus rau ntau dua qhov muag pom thiab txo tus naj npawb. ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm.
4. Directional illumination
Vim tias lawv cov qauv kev coj mus rau kev tawm mus thiab cov flux siab ceev, LEDs yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev taw qhia illumination. Lub luminaire directional concentrates lub teeb emitted los ntawm lub teeb qhov chaw mus rau hauv ib tug coj beam uas mus uninterrupted ntawm lub luminaire mus rau lub hom phiaj. Lub teeb pom kev nruj ntawm lub teeb yog siv los tsim cov hierarchy ntawm qhov tseem ceeb los ntawm kev siv qhov sib txawv, ua kom xaiv cov yam ntxwv los ntawm keeb kwm yav dhau, thiab ntxiv kev txaus siab thiab kev xav rau ib yam khoom. Directional luminaires, nrog rau cov tsom teeb thiab teeb pom kev zoo, tau siv dav hauv cov ntawv thov teeb pom kev zoo los txhim kho qhov tseem ceeb lossis tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv tsim. Kev taw qhia teeb pom kev zoo kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau siv lub teeb ci hnyav los pab ua kom tiav qhov xav tau kev pom kev ua haujlwm lossis muab cov teeb pom kev ntev ntev. Cov khoom lag luam uas ua haujlwm rau lub hom phiaj no muaj xws li teeb nyem, teeb pom kev, cov nram qab no, lub teeb tsav tsheb, teeb pom kev hauv chaw ntau pob, thiab lwm yam. Ib qho LED luminaire tuaj yeem ntim txaus ntawm lub punch hauv nws cov teeb pom kev zoo, seb puas tsim tau lub teeb "nyuaj" zoo heev rau kev ua yeeb yam siab nrog COB LEDs los yog pov ib lub teeb ntev ntawm qhov deb nrog lub zog siab LEDs.
5. Spectral engineering
LED thev naus laus zis muaj lub peev xwm tshiab los tswj lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob faib hluav taws xob (SPD), uas txhais tau hais tias cov teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem hloov kho rau ntau yam kev siv. Spectral controllability tso cai rau lub spectrum los ntawm teeb pom kev zoo cov khoom yuav tsum engineered los koom rau tej tib neeg kev pom, physiological, puas siab puas ntsws, cog photoreceptor, los yog txawm semiconductor detector (ie, HD koob yees duab) teb, los yog ib tug ua ke ntawm cov lus teb. Kev ua haujlwm siab spectral tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm qhov xav tau wavelengths thiab tshem tawm lossis txo qhov kev puas tsuaj lossis qhov tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov spectrum rau ib daim ntawv thov. Hauv kev siv lub teeb dawb, SPD ntawm LEDs tuaj yeem ua kom zoo rau cov xim fidelity thiab correlated xim kub (CCT). Nrog rau ntau lub channel, ntau tus qauv tsim, cov xim tsim los ntawm LED luminaire tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab tswj tau. RGB, RGBA lossis RGBW xim sib xyaw tshuab uas muaj peev xwm tsim tau tag nrho cov spectrum ntawm lub teeb tsim infinite aesthetic possibilities rau designers thiab architects. Dynamic dawb tshuab siv ntau-CCT LEDs los muab qhov sov sov dimming uas ua raws li cov yam ntxwv xim ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo thaum dimmed, lossis muab cov teeb pom kev dawb tunable uas tso cai rau kev ywj pheej ntawm ob qho tib si xim kub thiab lub teeb siv. Tib neeg centric teeb pom kev zoo raws li tunable dawb LED thev naus laus zis yog ib qho ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab ntau qhov kev tsim kho tshiab teeb pom kev zoo.
6. On/off switching
LEDs tuaj ntawm qhov ci ci yuav luag tam sim ntawd (hauv ib tus lej rau kaum ntawm nanoseconds) thiab muaj lub sijhawm tig tawm hauv kaum tawm nanoseconds. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, lub sij hawm sov so, los yog lub sij hawm uas lub teeb yuav siv sij hawm mus txog nws lub teeb tag nrho, ntawm compact fluorescent teeb yuav kav ntev li 3 feeb. HID teeb yuav tsum tau lub sij hawm sov so ntawm ob peb feeb ua ntej muab lub teeb siv tau. Kub restrike yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb ntau dua li qhov pib pib rau cov hlau halide teeb uas yog ib zaug lub tuam txhab tseem ceeb ua haujlwm rau lub teeb pom kev zoo siab thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo hauv cov chaw tsim khoom, chaw ntau pob thiab chaw ua si. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau lub tsev nrog hlau halide teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb vim tias cov txheej txheem kub kub ntawm cov hlau halide teeb yuav siv sij hawm txog 20 feeb. Instant start-up thiab kub restrike qiv LEDs nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj hauj lwm kom zoo ua hauj lwm ntau yam. Tsis tsuas yog daim ntawv thov teeb pom kev zoo tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm lub sijhawm teb luv luv ntawm LEDs, ntau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb kuj tau sau cov peev txheej no. Piv txwv li, LED teeb yuav ua hauj lwm hauv synchronization nrog lub koob yees duab tsheb los muab cov teeb pom kev sib cuam tshuam rau kev ntes lub tsheb txav. LEDs hloov ntawm 140 mus rau 200 milliseconds sai dua li cov teeb ci. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-lub sij hawm kom zoo dua qhia tias LED nres teeb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo tom qab. Lwm qhov zoo ntawm LEDs hauv kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv yog lub voj voog hloov. Lub neej ntev ntawm LEDs tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntau zaus. Cov tsav tsheb LED zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv teeb pom kev zoo raug ntsuas rau 50,{12}} hloov mus, thiab nws tsis tshua muaj rau cov tsav tsheb ua haujlwm siab kom ua siab ntev 100,{14}}, 200,000, lossis txawm tias 1 lab hloov lub voj voog. LED lub neej tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev caij tsheb kauj vab nrawm (hloov ntau zaus). Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau cov teeb ci LED zoo haum rau lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab siv nrog cov teeb pom kev zoo xws li cov neeg nyob lossis hnub ci sensors. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev hloov pauv ntau zaus tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej ntawm cov teeb ci, HID, thiab fluorescent teeb. Cov teeb pom kev zoo no feem ntau tsuas muaj ob peb txhiab tus kev hloov pauv ntawm lawv lub neej nyob.
7. Dimming muaj peev xwm
Lub peev xwm los tsim cov teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv txoj kev muaj zog heev qiv LEDs zoo kawg nkaus rau kev tswj qhov dimming, thaum lub teeb fluorescent thiab HID tsis teb zoo rau dimming. Dimming fluorescent teeb yuav tsum tau siv cov kim kim, loj thiab complex circuitry thiaj li yuav tswj tau cov roj excitation thiab voltage tej yam kev mob. Dimming HID teeb yuav ua rau lub neej luv dua thiab ua ntej lub teeb tsis ua haujlwm. Hlau halide thiab siab siab sodium teeb tsis tuaj yeem dim hauv qab 50 feem pua ntawm lub zog ntsuas. Lawv kuj teb rau cov teeb liab dimming qeeb qeeb dua li LEDs. LED dimming tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev txo qis tam sim no (CCR), uas yog lub npe zoo dua li analog dimming, lossis los ntawm kev siv pulse width modulation (PWM) rau LED, AKA digital dimming. Analog dimming tswj cov tsav tam sim no ntws mus rau LEDs. Qhov no yog cov kev daws teeb meem uas siv dav tshaj plaws rau kev siv teeb pom kev zoo, txawm hais tias LEDs yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo ntawm qhov qis qis (qis dua 10 feem pua). PWM dimming sib txawv ntawm lub voj voog lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub mem tes dav kev hloov kho los tsim tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm nws cov zis ntau dhau los ntawm 100 feem pua rau 0 feem pua. Dimming tswj ntawm LEDs tso cai rau teeb pom kev zoo nrog tib neeg kev xav tau, ua kom muaj zog txuag hluav taws xob, ua kom muaj xim sib xyaw thiab CCT tuning, thiab txuas ntxiv LED lub neej.
8. Controllability
Cov xwm txheej digital ntawm LEDs pab txhawb kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov sensors, processors, controllers, thiab network interfaces rau hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo rau kev siv ntau yam kev txawj ntse teeb pom kev zoo, los ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab hloov teeb pom kev zoo rau txhua yam IoT coj mus ntxiv. Lub dynamic nam ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo sib txawv los ntawm cov xim yooj yim hloov mus rau intricate lub teeb qhia nyob rau ntau pua los yog txhiab tus ib tus zuj zus tswj teeb pom kev zoo nodes thiab complex translation ntawm video ntsiab lus rau tso saib nyob rau hauv LED matrix systems. SSL thev naus laus zis yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov ecosystem loj ntawm kev sib txuas teeb pom kev zoo uas tuaj yeem siv sijhawm nruab hnub nrig, kev paub txog neeg nyob, tswj lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas hauv network los tswj, automate thiab optimize ntau yam ntawm teeb pom kev zoo. Migrating teeb pom kev zoo tswj mus rau IP-raws li tes hauj lwm tso cai ntse, sensor-laden teeb pom kev zoo rau kev koom tes nrog lwm yam khoom siv nyob rau hauv IoT tes hauj lwm. Qhov no qhib muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau yam kev pabcuam tshiab, cov txiaj ntsig, kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov nyiaj tau los uas txhim kho tus nqi ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo. Kev tswj cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm LED tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm kev siv ntau yam kev sib txuas lus thiab kev sib txuas lus wireless, suav nrog cov txheej txheem tswj teeb pom kev zoo xws li 0-10V, DALI, DMX512 thiab DMX-RDM, lub tsev automation raws tu qauv xws li BACnet, LON, KNX thiab EnOcean, thiab cov txheej txheem xa mus rau qhov nrov mesh architecture (xws li ZigBee, Z-Wave, Bluetooth Mesh, Xov).
9. Tsim kom yooj yim
Qhov me me ntawm LEDs tso cai rau cov neeg tsim khoom siv los ua cov teeb pom kev zoo rau hauv cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg haum rau ntau daim ntawv thov. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev no ua rau cov neeg tsim qauv muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua los qhia lawv lub tswv yim tsim lossis tsim cov cim npe. Qhov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo muaj peev xwm tsim cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo uas nqa cov fusion zoo meej ntawm daim ntawv thiab kev ua haujlwm. LED teeb fixtures tuaj yeem ua khoom siv los ua qhov muag plooj ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev tsim thiab kos duab rau kev siv qhov chaw zoo nkauj focal point raug txib. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem tsim los txhawb kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev siab thiab sib xyaw ua ke hauv txhua qhov tsim qauv. Lub xeev teeb pom kev zoo tsav cov qauv tsim tshiab hauv lwm cov haujlwm ib yam nkaus. Qhov tshwj xeeb styling muaj peev xwm tso cai rau cov tuam txhab tsheb tsim cov teeb pom kev sib txawv thiab cov teeb taillights uas muab cov tsheb zoo nkauj.
10. Durability
Ib qho LED emits lub teeb los ntawm ib qho thaiv ntawm semiconductor - dua li los ntawm lub iav qhov muag teev lossis lub raj, zoo li cov teeb meem hauv cov khoom qub qub, halogen, fluorescent, thiab HID teeb uas siv filaments lossis gases los tsim lub teeb. Cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev feem ntau yog ntsia rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm hlau luam tawm Circuit Board (MCPCB), nrog kev sib txuas feem ntau yog muab los ntawm cov hlau lead. Tsis muaj iav fragile, tsis muaj qhov txav, thiab tsis muaj filament breakage, LED teeb pom kev zoo yog li ntawd tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev poob siab, kev co, thiab hnav. Lub xeev ruaj khov ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev siv. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw muaj kev lag luam, muaj cov chaw teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm kev co ntau dhau los ntawm cov tshuab loj. Luminaires ntsia ib sab ntawm txoj kev thiab cov tunnels yuav tsum tiv taus kev co rov qab los ntawm cov tsheb hnyav dhau los ntawm kev ceev ceev. Kev vibration ua rau cov hnub ua haujlwm raug teeb pom kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho, kev tsuas thiab tsheb ua liaj ua teb, tshuab thiab khoom siv. Portable luminaires xws li teeb nyem thiab teeb lub teeb mus pw hav zoov feem ntau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev poob. Tseem muaj ntau daim ntawv thov uas cov teeb tawg ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg nyob. Tag nrho cov teeb meem no xav tau kev daws teeb meem teeb pom kev zoo, uas yog raws nraim li lub xeev teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem muab tau.
11. Khoom lub neej
Lub neej ntev sawv tawm raws li ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo, tab sis cov lus thov ntawm lub neej ntev raws li cov kev ntsuas lub neej rau cov pob LED (lub teeb ci) tuaj yeem ua yuam kev. Lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub pob LED, lub teeb ci LED, lossis LED luminaire (lub teeb fixtures) feem ntau raug suav hais tias yog lub sijhawm nyob rau lub sijhawm uas cov luminous flux tso tawm tau poob rau 70 feem pua ntawm nws cov zis thawj zaug, lossis L70. Feem ntau, LEDs (LED tej pob khoom) muaj L70 lub neej ntawm 30, 000 thiab 100, 000 teev (ntawm Ta=85 degree ). Txawm li cas los xij, LM-80 kev ntsuas uas siv los kwv yees lub neej L70 ntawm LED pob khoom siv TM-21 txoj kev raug coj los nrog cov pob LED ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua raws li kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm zoo (xws li nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tswj qhov kub thiab txias thiab muab nrog DC tsav tam sim no). Los ntawm qhov sib txawv, LED systems nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tiag tiag daim ntaub ntawv yog feem ntau sib tw nrog hluav taws xob overstress, siab hlws ris kub, thiab hnyav ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob. LED systems yuav muaj kev ceev lumen txij nkawm lossis ua tsis tiav ntxov ntxov. Feem ntau, LED teeb (qhov muag teev, raj) muaj L70 lub neej nyob nruab nrab ntawm 10, 000 thiab 25, 000 teev, integrated LED luminaires (xws li lub teeb siab, txoj kev teeb, downlights) muaj lub neej ntawm 30, 000 teev thiab 60,{20}} teev. Piv nrog rau cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo-incandescent (750-2,000 teev), halogen (3,{24}},000 teev), compact fluorescent (8,{27}} ,000 teev), thiab hlau halide (7,500-25,000} teev), LED systems, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov luminaires integrated, muab lub neej ntev kev pab cuam. Txij li cov teeb ci LED yuav tsum tsis muaj kev saib xyuas, txo cov nqi kho mob nrog rau kev txuag hluav taws xob siab los ntawm kev siv cov teeb ci LED hla lawv lub neej ntev muab lub hauv paus rau kev rov qab los ntawm peev (ROI).
12. Photobiological kev nyab xeeb
LEDs yog photobiologically nyab xeeb lub teeb qhov chaw. Lawv tsim tsis muaj infrared (IR) emission thiab emit ib tug negligible npaum li cas ntawm ultraviolet (UV) lub teeb (tsawg dua 5 uW / lm). Incandescent, fluorescent, thiab hlau halide teeb hloov 73 feem pua , 37 feem pua , thiab 17 feem pua ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob rau hauv lub zog infrared, feem. Lawv kuj emission nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam UV ntawm lub electromagnetic spectrum - incandescent (70-80 uW/lm), compact fluorescent ({5}} uW/lm), thiab hlau halide (160-700 uW/lm) . Thaum muaj kev siv ntau txaus, lub teeb ci uas tso tawm UV lossis IR teeb yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag. Kev raug UV hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau cataract (pom ntawm lub lens ib txwm pom tseeb) lossis photokeratitis (mob pob txha). Lub sij hawm luv luv raug rau qib siab ntawm IR hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau thermal raug mob rau retina ntawm lub qhov muag. Lub sij hawm ntev raug rau cov koob tshuaj ntau ntawm cov hluav taws xob infrared tuaj yeem ua rau cov iav tshuab ua rau cov kab mob cataract. Cov cua kub tsis xis nyob los ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo teeb pom kev zoo tau ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntev hauv kev kho mob kev lag luam raws li cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm kev phais thiab cov teeb pom kev kho hniav siv cov teeb pom kev zoo los tsim cov teeb pom kev zoo nrog cov xim siab. Lub siab siv lub teeb ci uas tsim los ntawm cov luminaires no muab ntau lub zog thermal uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg mob tsis xis nyob.
Inevitably, kev sib tham ntawm photobiological kev nyab xeeb feem ntau tsom rau lub teeb xiav teeb meem, uas yog hais txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub retina uas tshwm sim los ntawm hluav taws xob raug ntawm wavelengths feem ntau ntawm 400 nm thiab 500 nm. Ib qho kev xav tsis zoo yog tias LEDs yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem xiav vim tias feem ntau phosphor hloov dua siab tshiab LEDs siv lub twj tso kua mis xiav LED. DOE thiab IES tau ua kom pom tseeb tias cov khoom siv LED tsis txawv ntawm lwm qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo uas muaj xim kub zoo ib yam nrog rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub teeb xiav. Phosphor hloov dua siab tshiab LEDs tsis ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov kev ntsuas nruj.
13. Cov nyhuv hluav taws xob
LEDs tsim lub zog hluav taws xob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov pom ntawm qhov hluav taws xob electromagnetic los ntawm kwv yees li 400 nm txog 700 nm. Cov yam ntxwv spectral no muab cov teeb ci LED muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov teeb pom kev zoo uas tsim lub zog hluav taws xob sab nraum lub teeb pom kev zoo. UV thiab IR hluav taws xob los ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm tsis tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntawm photobiological, tab sis kuj ua rau cov khoom siv degradation. UV hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub ntawv organic raws li photon zog ntawm hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv UV spectral band yog siab txaus los tsim cov nyiaj ncaj qha scission thiab photooxidation txoj kev. Qhov tshwm sim los yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm chromophor tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj xim. Cov ntawv thov hauv tsev cia puav pheej xav tau txhua qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo uas tsim kom muaj UV ntau tshaj 75 uW / lm kom raug lim kom txo qis kev puas tsuaj rau cov duab kos. IR tsis ua rau tib hom kev puas tsuaj los ntawm UV hluav taws xob tab sis tseem tuaj yeem ua rau kev puas tsuaj. Ua kom qhov kub thiab txias ntawm ib yam khoom yuav ua rau kom muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab hloov lub cev. IR hluav taws xob ntawm kev siv siab tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsej muag tawv, tawg thiab tawg ntawm cov duab kos, ua kom tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom kom zoo nkauj, ziab tawm ntawm zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, melting ntawm chocolate thiab confectionery, thiab lwm yam.
14. Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws thiab tawg
Hluav taws kub thiab kev phom sij tsis yog yam ntxwv ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo raws li LED hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm electroluminescence hauv pob khoom semiconductor. Qhov no yog qhov sib piv rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam qub uas tsim lub teeb los ntawm cua sov tungsten filaments lossis los ntawm kev lom zem nruab nrab gaseous. Kev ua tsis tiav lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis raug yuav ua rau muaj hluav taws kub lossis tawg. Hlau halide teeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg vim hais tias lub quartz arc raj ua haujlwm ntawm kev kub siab (520 txog 3,100 kPa) thiab kub heev (900 txog 1,100 degree). Tsis-passive arc tube tsis ua haujlwm tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm lub teeb, los ntawm ballast tsis ua haujlwm lossis los ntawm kev siv lub teeb tsis zoo-ballast ua ke tuaj yeem ua rau tawg ntawm lub teeb sab nraud ntawm lub teeb hlau halide. Cov kub quartz fragments yuav ignite cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov plua plav tawg los yog cov pa tawg / vapors.
15. Pom kev sib txuas lus (VLC)
LEDs tuaj yeem hloov mus rau thiab tawm ntawm qhov zaus nrawm dua li tib neeg lub qhov muag tuaj yeem ntes tau. Qhov tsis pom qhov qhib / tawm kev hloov pauv muaj peev xwm qhib tau ib daim ntawv thov tshiab rau cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo. LiFi (Light Fidelity) thev naus laus zis tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau hauv kev lag luam kev sib txuas lus wireless. Nws leverages "ON" thiab "OFF" ib theem zuj zus ntawm LEDs xa cov ntaub ntawv. Piv nrog cov thev naus laus zis kev sib txuas lus wireless tam sim no siv cov xov tooj cua tsis muaj zog (xws li Wi-Fi, IrDA, thiab Bluetooth), LiFi cog lus ntau dua ib txhiab zaus bandwidth thiab kev sib kis ceev dua. LiFi raug suav hais tias yog ib daim ntawv thov IoT txaus siab vim qhov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Txhua lub teeb LED tuaj yeem siv tau los ua qhov chaw nkag rau qhov muag rau kev sib txuas lus cov ntaub ntawv wireless, tsuav yog nws tus neeg tsav tsheb muaj peev xwm hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus streaming rau hauv cov teeb liab digital.
16. DC teeb pom kev zoo
LEDs yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg, cov khoom siv tam sim no. Qhov xwm txheej no tso cai rau LED teeb pom kev zoo kom zoo dua ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob ncaj qha tam sim no (DC) cov phiajcim. Muaj kev txaus siab nrawm hauv DC microgrid systems uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej lossis ua ke nrog cov qauv siv hluav taws xob. Cov kab hluav taws xob me me no muab cov kev sib txuas zoo dua nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab (hnub ci, cua, roj cell, thiab lwm yam). Lub zog muaj nyob hauv DC tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv-theem AC-DC lub zog hloov pauv uas cuam tshuam rau lub zog poob ntau thiab yog ib qho kev ua tsis tiav hauv AC powered LED systems. High efficiency LED teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv lem txhim kho lub autonomy ntawm rechargeable roj teeb los yog lub zog cia systems. Raws li IP-raws li kev sib txuas lus hauv network tau txais lub zog, Lub Hwj Chim dhau Ethernet (PoE) tau tshwm sim raws li qhov kev xaiv qis zog microgrid kom xa cov hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob DC hla tib lub cable uas xa cov ntaub ntawv Ethernet. LED teeb pom kev zoo muaj qhov zoo meej rau kev siv zog ntawm kev teeb tsa PoE.
17. Kev ua haujlwm txias txias
LED teeb pom kev zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov chaw txias txias. Ib qho LED hloov hluav taws xob rau hauv lub zog kho qhov muag los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj electroluminescence uas tau qhib thaum lub semiconductor diode yog hluav taws xob biased. Cov txheej txheem pib no tsis yog qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov ntsuas kub qis qis ua kom yooj yim tshem tawm cov khib nyiab hluav taws xob uas tsim los ntawm LEDs thiab yog li zam lawv los ntawm thermal droop (txo qis hauv lub zog kho qhov muag ntawm qhov kub siab). Hauv qhov sib piv, kev ua haujlwm txias txias yog qhov nyuaj rau cov teeb fluorescent. Txhawm rau kom tau txais lub teeb fluorescent pib hauv qhov chaw txias, qhov hluav taws xob siab yog xav tau los pib hluav taws xob arc. Lub teeb fluorescent kuj poob ntau qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, thaum LED teeb ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov chaw txias - txawm tias qis dua mus rau -50 degree . Yog li ntawd, LED teeb pom kev zoo yog tsim rau siv nyob rau hauv lub freezers, tub yees, txias cia chaw, thiab sab nraum zoov siv.
18. Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig
LED teeb ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig tsawg dua li cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj. Kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg txhais tau tias qis carbon emissions. LEDs tsis muaj mercury thiab yog li tsim kom muaj teeb meem ib puag ncig tsawg thaum kawg ntawm lub neej. Hauv kev sib piv, kev pov tseg cov mercury-muaj fluorescent thiab HID teeb muaj feem xyuam nrog kev siv cov txheej txheem pov tseg nruj.
Qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo
Tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev nplua nuj ntawm cov txiaj ntsig uas muab los ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo. Thaum lub tshuab no yog ib qho kev ua tiav hauv keeb kwm ntawm hluav taws xob teeb pom kev zoo, nws tsim teeb meem ntawm nws tus kheej. Kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo tab tom ntsib kev sib tw hauv qhov loj heev uas nws tsis tau muaj kev cuam tshuam ua ntej. Lub xeev teeb pom kev zoo hloov pauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim thiab engineering. Cov teeb pom kev zoo tsis yog lub teeb pom kev zoo, lawv tau hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, tus tsim ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo systems yog unprecedentedly complex. LEDs yog cov cua sov nws tus kheej, tam sim no-rhiab heev thiab luminously intensive semiconductor teeb qhov chaw. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb loj tshaj plaws ntawm LED Teeb pom kev zoo - qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub teeb ci LED hnyav heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntau yam. LED pob metrics tsuas yog ib feem ntawm holistic tsim thiab systems engineering ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo LED. Ntau lwm yam cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua si, suav nrog kev tswj xyuas thermal, tsav kev tswj hwm tam sim no, thiab kev tswj kho qhov muag.
Armchair kws txawj feem ntau sau cov npe ntev ntawm qhov tsis zoo rau LED teeb pom kev zoo. Thiab ua kom cov dab neeg sensational lawv yuav tsis hnov qab hais tias LED teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem ua rau lub teeb xiav teeb meem. Lub teeb dawb yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm wavelengths los ntawm cov xim sib txawv. Tag nrho cov xim dawb uas muaj xim zoo ib yam, tsis hais lub teeb qhov twg los ntawm lub teeb tawm, muaj kwv yees li qhov sib piv ntawm xiav wavelengths thoob plaws qhov pom spectrum. Cov xim ntawm lub teeb dawb tuaj yeem pom tias muaj qhov sib txheeb xim kub (CCT). Cov ntsiab lus xiav ntawm lub teeb ci feem ntau sib haum rau nws CCT. Qhov siab dua qhov CCT qhov ntau dua qhov feem ntawm xiav wavelengths. Nyob rau hauv tib lub luminance thiab illuminance tej yam kev mob, xiav hluav taws xob los ntawm ib tug 3000 K LED khoom yog tsawg npaum li ntawd los ntawm 3000 K incandescent teeb, thiab xiav hluav taws xob los ntawm 6000 K LED khoom yog siab npaum li ntawd los ntawm 6000 K fluorescent teeb. Raws li nrog rau lwm qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo, lub teeb xiav xiav tsis tshua muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau cov LEDs dawb. Lub peev xwm los tsim cov spectral muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub teeb dawb yog qhov zoo ntawm LED thev naus laus zis. Nrog LED teeb pom kev zoo, txhua qhov spectral muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub teeb uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem tsim tau. Tib neeg centric teeb pom kev zoo, ib qho kev siv thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo, sau CCT tuning peev xwm ntawm LED systems los kho tus nqi xiav hluav taws xob rau kev noj qab haus huv spectrum ntawm lub teeb dawb.
Qhov tseeb, LED teeb pom kev zoo tsuas muaj ob peb qhov tsis zoo ntawm sab hauv.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsis muaj zog ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo yog tias LEDs tsim cov khoom lag luam-kub kub. LEDs yog hu ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob vim tias lawv tsim cov cua sov hauv cov khoom siv-tsis yog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub zog infrared. Nyob ib ncig ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob pub rau LED yog hloov mus rau hauv tshav kub, uas yuav tsum tau ua thiab convected los ntawm lub cev thermal txoj kev. Ua tsis tau raws li qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov cuab yeej sib txuas hauv qab qhov kev txwv yuav ua rau kom lub kinetics tsis ua haujlwm xws li atomic defect tiam thiab kev loj hlob hauv thaj av nquag ntawm diode, carbonization thiab yellowing ntawm lub encapsulant, thiab discoloration ntawm cov hnab yas vaj tse. Tshaj li qhov siab tshaj plaws ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub, qhov kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm LED yuav raug txo los ntawm 30 feem pua rau 50 feem pua rau txhua 10 degree C nce hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
Qhov tsis paub tshaj plaws, thiab tseem yog qhov tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo yog tias LEDs yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me. Lawv nyiam heev txog lawv cov zaub mov-tsav tam sim no. Rau LEDs, lawv qhov kev nkag siab zoo rau kev xa mus rau tam sim no yog ob-edged ntaj. Nws muab cov teeb pom kev zoo tshaj qhov kev tswj hwm tab sis kuj ua rau kev tsav tsheb tam sim no nyuaj heev. Ib qho kev hloov me me hauv tsav tam sim no yuav ua rau lub teeb tso zis hloov pauv. LEDs yog cov khoom siv DC tsav, txawm li cas los xij lawv feem ntau yuav tsum tau noj nrog lub zog AC. Kev ua tsis tiav ntawm qhov hloov pauv waveform tom qab kev kho yuav ua rau muaj qhov seem ripple (residual periodic variation) hauv cov zis tam sim no los ntawm tus tsav tsheb mus rau LEDs. Qhov ripple no ua rau cov LEDs flicker ntawm ob zaug zaus ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tuaj, piv txwv li 100Hz lossis 120Hz. Cov hluav taws xob thiab thermal sib cuam tshuam ntawm LEDs kuj ntxiv qhov nyuaj rau kev thauj khoom. Raws li kev sib tshuam kub nce, qhov hluav taws xob rau pem hauv ntej txo qis, lub zog hluav taws xob xa mus rau LED kuj txo. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov siab dua qhov tsav tam sim no ntau dua qhov pov tseg hluav taws xob tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuag. Overdriving dab tsi LED yog ntsuas rau yuav ua rau ntxov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm LED vim thermal runaway. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev hem thawj loj tshaj plaws rau LEDs yog los ntawm hluav taws xob overstresses (EOS). Ib qho EOS tshwm sim thaum tsav tam sim no lossis qhov hluav taws xob tshaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws. Muaj ntau qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob overstresses, uas muaj xws li electrostatic paug (ESD), inrush tam sim no, los yog lwm yam kev hloov hluav taws xob surges. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm LEDs rau ntau hom hluav taws xob kev ntxhov siab yog li yuav tsum muaj kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm cov tsav tam sim no.
Qhov thib peb qhov tsis zoo yog tias LEDs muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom. Cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov teeb pom kev taw qhia tuaj yeem tsim qhov ci ntsa iab. High luminances nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm saib cuam tshuam nrog kev pom (kev tsis taus glare) los yog ua rau ib tug hnov ntawm irritation los yog mob (tsis xis nyob glare). Ntxiv optics kom txo qis glare tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov qauv tsim luminaires, tab sis lawv feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov poob siab.
Qhov kawg tab sis tsis tsawg kawg, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim qauv ua rau muaj tus nqi siab dua thawj zaug ntawm cov khoom lag luam LED thaum piv nrog cov khoom lag luam teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov no ua rau tus nqi optimization yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim luminaire. Thaum tus nqi siab tshaj qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom, cov kwj ntawm cov teeb meem yuav tshwm sim.
