Kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo LED
Hauv tsev, chaw ua haujlwm, thiab thaj chaw pej xeem, LED teeb pom kev zoo tau hloov pauv cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov raj fluorescent nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Lub teeb-emitting diodes, lossis LEDs, muaj zog dua, ua kom sov tsawg, thiab siv lub zog tsawg dua li cov teeb pom kev zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tej zaum yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig los ntawm lawv qhov chaw tsim khoom thiab pov tseg. Txhawm rau txhim kho LED thev naus laus zis thiab ua kom nws ruaj khov, cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov kws tshaj lij yeej ib txwm saib rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov txheej txheem.
Graphene yog cov khoom siv carbon uas nyias nyias, muaj zog, thiab yoog raws, ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom zoo tshaj plaws rau LEDs. Vim nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws kho qhov muag thiab hluav taws xob conductivity, graphene yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau optoelectronic li zoo li LEDs. Indium tin oxide (ITO), uas yog kim thiab tsis yooj yim, yuav raug hloov nrog graphene raws li pob tshab electrode nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov LED, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom yav dhau los. Kev ua haujlwm siab dua thiab txo tus nqi rau kev tsim LED yuav tshwm sim los ntawm graphene-based electrodes.
Perovskite yog lwm yam khoom uas nthuav tawm cov lus cog tseg rau kev nce qib LED thev naus laus zis. Ib lub pob zeb hauv av hu ua perovskite muaj cov qauv crystalline tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau nws nqus hnub ci thiab tig mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib saib kev siv perovskite-based solar cells hauv LEDs vim tias lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Ib pawg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Cambridge pom nyob rau xyoo 2018 tias perovskite nanoparticles tuaj yeem txhim kho LEDs xim thiab ci ntsa iab. Lawv pom tias lub teeb xiav tshaj plaws tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov khoom perovskite thiab rov ua dua li lub teeb liab lossis ntsuab, ua kom muaj xim zoo nkauj thiab ntshiab. Txawm tias muaj kev ua tau zoo dua thiab cov xim fidelity yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv perovskite ua txheej txheej phosphor hauv LEDs.
Organic cov ntaub ntawv, tseem hu ua OLEDs (organic light-emitting diodes), yog lwm chav kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm los hloov tag nrho LED teeb pom kev zoo. Thaum muab hluav taws xob tam sim no, carbon-based chemicals siv los ua OLEDs tsim lub teeb. Txawm hais tias OLEDs tam sim no siv rau hauv cov ntxaij vab tshaus me me zoo li cov pom hauv smartphones, cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom saib siv lawv hauv cov ntawv thov teeb pom kev zoo. Piv rau cov qauv LEDs, OLEDs muab ntau qhov zoo, suav nrog lub peev xwm los tsim lub teeb nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev qhia, ua kom muaj qhov ci zoo ib yam. Lawv yog cov zoo meej rau architectural teeb pom kev zoo tsim vim lawv hloov tau thiab translucent.
Lub neej luv luv ntawm cov khoom siv organic, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo sai thiab maj mam poob qhov ci, yog ib qho teeb meem nrog OLED thev naus laus zis. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom tsim cov tshuaj tshiab uas muaj zog dua thiab ruaj khov. Ib yam tshiab ntawm OLED cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem ua neej nyob ntev li plaub zaug ntau dua li ib txwm OLEDs tau tsim xyoo 2020 los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm University of Michigan. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj cov khoom siv crystalline, cov khoom siv tshiab sib txuas cov hlau ions nrog cov organic ligands. Cov tsev neeg tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yuav ua rau OLEDs uas muaj zog dua thiab siv tau zoo, nrog rau cov hauv kev tshiab rau kev tsim vaj tsev thiab teeb pom kev zoo.
Quantum dots, uas yog me me semiconductor hais nrog lub peev xwm los tsim lub teeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam hues, yog lwm yam khoom tshiab rau LED teeb pom kev zoo. Piv rau cov pa phosphors, quantum dots muab ntau yam xim thiab xim zoo dua qub thaum siv los ua cov khoom siv phosphor hauv LED teeb pom kev zoo. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov teeb pom kev dawb dawb tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm kev kho quantum dots los tsim lub teeb hauv xiav spectral band. Quantum dots tseem raug tshawb xyuas rau kev siv hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo, uas tuaj yeem hloov kho lawv qhov ci thiab xim kub kom haum rau ntau qhov chaw thiab kev xav.
Nanocrystals, uas yuav siv tau los tswj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb, thiab micro- thiab nanoparticles, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub teeb dispersion thiab txo qis glare, yog lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau LED teeb pom kev zoo yav tom ntej. Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab no qhib kev tsim qauv tshiab, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev xaiv kev ruaj ntseg rau LED teeb pom kev zoo.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, LED teeb pom kev zoo tau nce siab nyob rau xyoo tas los no thiab tau hloov cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv ntau daim ntawv thov. Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav tsum nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab thev naus laus zis los txhim kho LED teeb pom kev zoo rau ob qho tib si nyiaj txiag thiab ib puag ncig vim li cas peb ua haujlwm mus rau lub neej yav tom ntej. Ua tsaug, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg tsim khoom tau tsim thiab ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv tshiab xws li graphene, perovskite, OLEDs, quantum dots, thiab nanocrystals, uas yuav txuas ntxiv cuam tshuam rau LED teeb pom kev zoo yav tom ntej.
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