Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor hu ua LED yog tsim los ntawm LED tuag (chip) thiab lwm qhov chaw uas ua haujlwm raws li kev siv tshuab, kev sib txuas hluav taws xob, thermal conductors, optical regulators, thiab wavelength converters. Lub hauv paus qauv ntawm LED nti yog pn junction ntaus ntawv ua los ntawm compound semiconductor txheej nrog opposing dopants. Gallium nitride (GaN), cov khoom siv semiconductor uas feem ntau siv, muaj qhov sib txawv ncaj qha, uas ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txuas piv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis ncaj. Thaum lub pn hlws ris yog biassed rau pem hauv ntej, electrons los ntawm n-hom semiconductor txheej conduction band hla ciam teb rau hauv p-hluav taws xob, qhov uas lawv recombine nrog qhov los ntawm p-hom semiconductor txheej nyob rau hauv lub diode lub active cheeb tsam. Cov electrons nqis los rau hauv lub xeev qis zog vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm electron-qhov recombination, thiab lub zog ntxiv yog tso tawm raws li photons (packets ntawm lub teeb). Electroluminescence yog lub npe ntawm qhov tshwm sim no. Tag nrho cov wavelengths ntawm electromagnetic zog yuav nqa los ntawm photon. Lub zog ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub semiconductor txiav txim siab qhov tseeb wavelengths ntawm lub teeb tawm los ntawm lub diode.
LED nti lub electroluminescence tsim lub teeb nrog ib tug txwv wavelength ntau yam thiab ib tug raug bandwidth ntawm ob peb kaum ntawm nanometers. Lub teeb los ntawm nqaim-band emissions tsuas yog ib xim, xws li liab, xiav, los yog ntsuab. Qhov dav ntawm lub zog spectral faib (SPD) ntawm LED nti yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv txhawm rau muab lub teeb pom kev dawb nrog lub dav dav. Photoluminescence hauv phosphors hloov cov electroluminescence los ntawm LED nti ib nrab los yog tag nrho. Cov LEDs dawb feem ntau sib xyaw cov rov ua lub teeb ntev dua lub teeb los ntawm phosphors nrog luv luv wavelength emission los ntawm InGaN xiav chips. Cov phosphor hmoov yog muab faib rau hauv ib lub matrix ua los ntawm silicon, epoxy, los yog lwm hom resin. LED nti muaj txheej txheej ua los ntawm matrix suav nrog phosphor. Los ntawm kev tso dej liab, ntsuab, thiab xiav phosphors nrog ultraviolet (UV) lossis violet LED nti, lub teeb dawb kuj tseem raug tsim. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, qhov tshwm sim dawb tuaj yeem piav qhia cov xim ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab qhov cuam tshuam loj ntawm Stokes lub zog poob koom nrog hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm UV lossis violet lub teeb, txoj kev no muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg.
