Ntau xyoo dhau los, kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo tau pom kev hloov pauv ua tsaug rau Lub Teeb Emitting Diodes, lossis LEDs. Lawv yog cov ruaj khov heev, muaj zog-npaum, thiab hloov tau txaus los siv rau hauv ntau qhov chaw, nrog rau cov chaw nyob, tsheb, teeb pom kev zoo, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem luminescence uas ua rau LEDs yog lub hauv paus ntawm lawv cov thev naus laus zis. Lub hauv paus ntawm LED teeb 'luminescence txheej txheem thiab yuav ua li cas lawv tsim lub teeb yuav raug them rau hauv tsab xov xwm no.
Thaum cov hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev LEDs, lawv tsim lub teeb. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm semiconductors xws li silicon carbide, gallium arsenide, los yog gallium nitride. Thaum tsav los ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb ua rau lawv tsim lub teeb. Photons, uas yog cov pob ntawv me me ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tib neeg paub tias pom lub teeb pom kev, yog tsim los ua ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem luminescence ntawm LEDs.
Ib qho LED kev tsim kho yog qhov ncaj ncaj. Ib qho kev sib tshuam cais cov p-type (cov cab kuj zoo) thiab n-hom (cov cab kuj tsis zoo) thaj tsam uas tsim cov qauv no. Cov hluav taws xob thiab qhov (tsis muaj hluav taws xob) tuaj yeem hla kev sib tshuam thaum muaj qhov hluav taws xob hla nws vim nws tsim hluav taws xob. Cov electrons sib xyaw nrog lub qhov thaum lawv hloov ntawm n-hom mus rau thaj tsam p-hom, tso tawm lub zog hauv daim ntawv ntawm photons.
LEDs muaj ob yam sib txawv ntawm luminescence mechanisms: stimulated thiab spontaneous. Thaum cov electrons nyob rau hauv lub n-hom cheeb tsam qhov conduction band recombine nrog qhov nyob rau hauv lub p-hom cheeb tsam lub valence band, lub zog yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm photons, uas ua rau spontaneous illumination. Vim nws tshwm sim spontaneously thiab tsis muaj stimulus sab nraud, qhov tshwm sim no hu ua spontaneous emission.
Nyob rau hauv sib piv, sab nraud stimulus yog tsim nyog rau stimulated luminescence tshwm sim. Nws tshwm sim thaum lub electron nyob rau hauv lub conduction band yog stimulated tsiv mus rau lub zog siab dua los ntawm sab nraud photon, xws li lub teeb particle lossis hluav taws xob tam sim no. Peb hu cov txheej txheem no zoo siab. Cov electron zoo siab tso tawm lub zog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm photon thaum nws mus txog nws lub zog pib. Vim hais tias nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug sab nraud photon, qhov tshwm sim no hu ua stimulated emission.
LEDs tsim lub teeb los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm induced thiab spontaneous luminescence txheej txheem. LED lub pn hlws ris ua hauj lwm raws li ib qho chaw rau electron thiab qhov recombination, enabling spontaneous emission. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm recombination thiab spontaneous emission yog nce thaum ib tug voltage yog muab rau lub LED vim hais tias nws ua rau ib tug pem hauv ntej bias uas tso cai rau cov electrons thiab qhov mus dawb ntws nyob rau hauv lub hlws ris.
Tsis tas li ntawd, LED yog tsim los tsim lub teeb nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam wavelength ntau yam. Los ntawm ua tib zoo xaiv cov khoom siv semiconductor thiab doping nws nrog impurities, qhov no ua tiav. Ib tug me me ntawm txawv teb chaws atoms yog ntxiv rau cov khoom semiconductor thaum lub sij hawm doping txheej txheem, hloov nws cov hluav taws xob thiab optical yam ntxwv. Lub zog sib txawv ntawm cov valence thiab conduction bands, uas nyob rau hauv lem cuam tshuam lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb emitted, txiav txim siab los ntawm hom thiab concentration ntawm impurities.
Piv nrog rau yav dhau los teeb pom kev yees thev naus laus zis, LEDs 'luminescence txheej txheem muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig. Qhov tseeb tias LEDs siv lub zog tsawg heev yog ib qho ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws. Lawv poob qis heev zog raws li cua sov thiab hloov feem ntau ntawm hluav taws xob lub zog rau hauv lub teeb. Qhov no sib piv nrog cov qij incandescent, uas tsuas yog tsim 10% ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob raws li lub teeb thiab txog li 90% thaum tshav kub.
Lub neej ntev ntawm LED thev naus laus zis yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub teeb incandescent, uas tsuas yog 1, 000–2, 000 teev, LEDs yuav kav ntev li 50, 000 teev, los yog ntau tshaj tsib xyoos ntawm kev siv tas mus li. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias LEDs xav tau kev saib xyuas tsawg dua thiab hloov pauv, uas thaum kawg txuag nyiaj rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov tuam txhab.
Tsis tas li ntawd, LEDs yog hloov tau yooj yim thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv. Lawv siv hauv tsev teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev, khoos phis tawj, thiab TVs. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv qhov me me thiab kev siv hluav taws xob ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov khoom siv kho mob thiab lub teeb tsheb.
Ua kom tiav, LED teeb 'intriguing luminosity mechanism ua rau lawv lub teeb pom kev zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau yam kev siv. LEDs muab lub zog txuag, ruaj khov, thiab hloov tau lub teeb los ntawm kev sib txuas cov txheej txheem luminescence thiab txhawb nqa. Peb tuaj yeem nkag siab lub physics tom qab qhov kev siv thev naus laus zis no thiab nws lub peev xwm los hloov kho lub teeb pom kev zoo yav tom ntej los ntawm kev nkag siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem luminescence.
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