Raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws eco-friendly thiab muaj txiaj ntsig teeb pom kev zoo ntawm kev ua lag luam tam sim no, LED (lub teeb-emitting diode) teeb tau loj hlob hauv qhov chaw. Electroluminescence, lub tswv yim los ntawm txhua yam khoom siv tawm lub teeb thaum muaj hluav taws xob ntws los ntawm nws, yog li cas cov teeb pom kev zoo no tsim lub teeb. Cov ntaub ntawv txiav thiab thev naus laus zis siv hauv kev tsim cov teeb ci LED yog qhov ua rau lawv ua tau zoo thiab siv tau ntev. Cov ntaub ntawv siv los tsim cov teeb ci LED yuav tau tham hauv tsab xov xwm no, nrog rau yuav ua li cas lawv ntxiv rau ntau cov txiaj ntsig uas LEDs muaj tshaj li cov teeb pom kev zoo.
Semi-conductors
Lub tswv yim ntawm semiconductor thiab yuav ua li cas nws cuam tshuam rau hluav taws xob tam sim no yog lub hauv paus ntawm LED teeb. Ib tug semiconductor, ib yam khoom uas muaj peev xwm ua tau hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, ua hauj lwm pab raws li lub hauv paus khoom rau ib tug LED. Silicon yog hom semiconductor siv dav tshaj plaws hauv LED teeb vim nws cov cwj pwm hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem kwv yees thiab tswj tau. Lub semiconductor cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab qhov zoo sib koom ua ke los tsim lub xeev ruaj khov thaum lub zog xa mus rau pem hauv ntej. Photons, lub teeb uas LED emits, raug tso tawm vim qhov no.
Khoom siv rau Doping
Doping yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus rau lub hauv paus ntshiab silicon los tsim ib lub semiconductor uas yuav tawm lub teeb. Doping yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov cwj pwm hluav taws xob ntawm cov ntshiab silicon los ntawm kev qhia cov impurities. Ob hom impurities uas feem ntau yog qhia rau cov ntshiab silicon puag yog P-hom thiab N-hom.
Muaj ntau tshaj ntawm cov nqi zoo hauv P-hom doping cov ntaub ntawv thiab ntau tshaj ntawm cov nqi tsis zoo hauv N-hom doping cov ntaub ntawv. Cov tshuaj doping no pab hloov cov semiconductor rau hauv LED lub ntsiab, lub diode. Cov txheej txheem ntawm doping extraction yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov LEDs. Rau cov LED kom ua tau zoo thiab kav ntev, cov khoom siv doping yuav tsum ua kom zoo meej.
Nitride ntawm Gallium
Lwm yam khoom uas feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim cov teeb ci LED yog gallium nitride. Vim nws cov ntsiab lus melting siab, cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias. LEDs tuaj yeem tsim lub teeb ci zoo dua li qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo vim tias cov cuab yeej no ntawm gallium nitride.
Vim nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo, gallium nitride feem ntau yog siv los ua silicon hloov hauv kev tsim cov LEDs. Vim yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov photons uas tau tso tawm, LEDs muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau yam xim xim. Cov xim ntawm lub teeb generated yog txiav txim los ntawm lub wavelength ntawm cov photons, uas feem ntau yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 400 thiab 800 nm. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj ntau yam xim muaj nyob hauv LED teeb.
Cov phosphor
Txhawm rau muab cov xim tsim nyog ntawm lub teeb uas tawm, phosphors yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim LED. Phosphors yog ib yam khoom uas ua rau ib tug txawv wavelength ntawm pom lub teeb thaum absorbing ib tug tej yam wavelength ntawm lub teeb, feem ntau xiav los yog ultraviolet. LEDs muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam xim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntau hom phosphors nrog cov khoom siv semiconductor.
Phosphor hloov dua siab tshiab yog cov txheej txheem uas cov LED's phosphor ntxiv los pab tsim lub teeb dawb. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, ib tug xiav LED yog kho nrog ib tug daj phosphor. Lub teeb xiav los ntawm LED yog nqus thiab rov ua dua li lub teeb daj tom qab dhau los ntawm phosphor. Feem ntau ntawm LED teeb tuaj yeem tso tawm lub teeb dawb vim tias lub teeb xiav thiab daj ua ke los tsim lub teeb dawb. Vim li no, LED teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov kev xaiv hloov tau yooj yim uas tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov chaw los tsim ntau yam teebmeem.
Cov khoom siv rau substrate
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm LED teeb yog cov khoom siv substrate. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom semiconductor zoo li gallium nitride raug tsim yog hu ua substrate txheej. Silicon carbide lossis aluminium oxide, uas muaj cov thermal conductivity zoo thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv substrate.
Cov khoom siv substrate yog qhov tseem ceeb rau LEDs lub peev xwm los tswj lawv qhov kub thiab txias. Los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov cua sov los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor ntawm LED, nws pab ua kom txias. Qhov no muaj kev cuam tshuam loj npaum li cas lub teeb LED kav ntev. LED lub teeb lub neej yuav txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab txias.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus
Muab piv rau cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov teeb pom kev zoo, LED teeb nyob ntev dua, tsim lub teeb ci dua, thiab siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua. Cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis LED yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm LED teeb. Gallium nitride, phosphorus, semiconductor cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv doping, thiab cov ntaub ntawv substrate yog txhua yam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab ruaj khov. LED teeb pom kev zoo yog sai ua tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no vim muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau ecologically tus phooj ywg thiab txuag hluav taws xob xaiv teeb pom kev zoo. Ntau qhov zoo ntawm LED teeb yog vim cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, uas ua rau lawv muaj kev xaiv zoo rau ntau yam kev siv teeb pom kev zoo.
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