Hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb, lub hnub ci zog tau loj hlob hauv qhov muaj koob meej thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li lub zog siv hluav taws xob. Nws yog infinite, dawb huv, thiab tauj dua tshiab. Thiab vim tias kev nce qib hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis, lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm ntau qhov chaw, ua kom yooj yim rau kev nkag mus rau cov hluav taws xob ruaj khov no rau cov tsev loj, cov lag luam, thiab tsev neeg. Muaj ntau ntau hom thiab tsim ntawm hnub ci vaj huam sib luag. Muaj ntau hom hnub ci vaj huam sib luag uas siv los ntes lub hnub ci zog yog tshuaj xyuas hauv kab lus no.
1. Solar panels uas yog monocrystalline
Feem ntau cov qauv ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog monocrystalline sawv daws yuav. Cov vaj huam sib luag no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim lawv tau tsim los ntawm ib qho siv lead ua silicon. Lawv muaj ib tug du, zoo ib yam. Monocrystalline panels yuav kav ntev txog 25 xyoo thiab tuaj yeem hloov mus txog 22% ntawm lub hnub ci rau hauv lub zog. Ob lub hnub ci me me thiab loj, nrog rau cov tsev lossis cov lag luam, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv.
2. Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag nrog Polycrystalline Structures
Ntau yam silicon ua los ntawm polycrystalline solar panels, feem ntau hu ua multicrystalline panels. Silicon crystals yog yaj, tsim rau hauv square tuav, thiab ces hlais rau hauv square wafers los tsim lawv. Tom qab ntawd, cov wafers muab tso ua ke los tsim ib lub vaj huam sib luag. Nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm tsuas yog 15%, polycrystalline panels tsis zoo dua li cov monocrystalline. Lawv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov phiaj xwm loj hnub ci, txawm li cas los xij, vim lawv kuj tsis tshua muaj nqi los tsim. Lub neej ntawm polycrystalline panels yog mus txog 25 xyoo.
3. Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag nrog nyias zaj duab xis
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov hnyav thiab hloov tau yooj yim, nyias zaj duab xis hnub ci vaj huam sib luag kuj muaj qhov sib txawv. Lawv raug tsim los ntawm kev npog cov khoom txhawb nqa nrog nyias txheej ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor, xws li cadmium telluride, tooj liab indium gallium selenide, lossis amorphous silicon. Lub vaj huam sib luag zaum kawg tsuas yog ob peb micrometers tuab, ua kom nyias nyias. Nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm ib puag ncig 10%, nyias-zaj duab xis thev naus laus zis tsis zoo dua li cov cuab yeej siv silicone raws li cov qauv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov nqi tsim khoom qis dua ua rau lawv xav tau kev xaiv rau cov phiaj xwm hnub ci dav. Lawv yog ib qho kev xaiv nrov rau cov chaw uas feem ntau overcast vim lawv kuj ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qis qis.
4. Hnub Ci Vaj Huam Sib Luag Bifacials
Lub hom phiaj ntawm bifacial solar panels yog khaws lub hnub ci los ntawm ob sab ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag. Txawm hais tias crystalline silicon feem ntau yog siv los ua lawv, nyias-zaj duab xis tshuab kuj yog ib qho kev xaiv. Pob tshab backsheets ntawm bifacial vaj huam sib luag tso cai rau lub hnub ci ntes ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag sab nraud. Ib lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag ua rau lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej. Bifacial panels yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau kev teeb tsa lub ru tsev vim lawv tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog ua haujlwm tau txog li 27%.
5. Hnub Ci Vaj Huam Sib Luag Concentration
Concentrated solar panels, kuj hu ua concentrated photovoltaics los yog CPV, ncaj qha tshav ntuj mus rau me me, zoo heev hnub ci hlwb siv lo ntsiab muag los yog iav. Lawv ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tau txais ntau lub hnub ci ncaj qha. Concentrated solar panels yog hom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag siv tau vim lawv tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm ntau tshaj 40% ntawm hnub ci. Lawv yog cov kim tshaj plaws los tsim thiab nruab, txawm li cas los xij. Cov phiaj xwm loj hnub ci, suav nrog cov chaw lag luam hnub ci hluav taws xob, yog qhov tseem ceeb siv rau cov hnub ci ci ntsa iab.
6. Kev koom ua ke Photovoltaics hauv Cov Tsev
BIPV, los yog lub tsev sib xyaw ua ke photovoltaics, yog tsim los sib xyaw ua ke zoo kawg nkaus nrog cov qauv tsim ntawm lub tsev. Lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag siv lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho ib txwm muaj xws li cladding thiab ru tsev. Ib qho ntawm lub hnub ci thev naus laus zis tau teev tseg saum toj no tuaj yeem siv los tsim BIPV. Lawv txuag kev siv hluav taws xob thiab muab kev txaus siab rau kev tsim vaj tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, BIPV panels tuaj yeem muab cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab tiv thaiv huab cua. Lawv daim ntawv thov hauv kev tsim vaj tsev nyob thiab kev lag luam loj hlob.
Piv txwv li, lub hnub ci zog yog ib txoj hauv kev siv tau thiab ruaj khov los ua kom txaus siab rau lub ntiaj teb kev xav tau ntawm lub zog loj. Qhov chaw, pob nyiaj siv, kev xav tau ntawm lub zog, thiab kev zoo nkauj tsuas yog qee qhov kev hloov pauv uas yuav txiav txim siab seb lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag zoo tagnrho rau koj daim ntawv thov. Xaiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog qhov tseem ceeb yog tias koj xav ua kom koj cov peev txheej loj tshaj plaws. Peb yuav cia siab tias yuav pom ntau qhov kev tsim kho thiab siv tau zoo hnub ci vaj huam sib luag nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej no raws li daim teb no cov thev naus laus zis txhim kho ntxiv.
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