Cov European Union tau tswj hwm txoj cai txwv tsis pub muaj phom sij (RoHS) rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. Nws tau ua thawj zaug hauv xyoo 2003 nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txo qis cov khoom siv phom sij thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv European Union, cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg muag khoom yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai, uas tsim kom muaj cov khoom txaus ntshai tshaj plaws uas yuav muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
RoHS tau ua tiav hauv kev txo qis cov khoom txaus ntshai uas pom hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. Lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), thiab polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) yog rau 6 lub tebchaw txaus ntshai uas nws siv tau txwv raws li kev qhia. Thaum muab pov tseg tsis raug, cov tshuaj no muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.
Raws li lawv qhov kev hem thawj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig, 6 qhov kev phom sij txaus ntshai suav nrog hauv RoHS txoj cai raug xaiv. Daim ntawv qhia txog cov tshuaj txwv tsis pub los ntawm RoHS yog muab hauv qab no:
1. Lead (Pb)
Yav dhau los, txhuas-hnyav hnyav hlau-tau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. Solder, ib yam khoom siv los txuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov ntawv luam tawm, suav nrog nws. Kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb, daim siab, thiab ob lub raum tsuas yog qee qhov kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hlau lead. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua paug rau ib puag ncig thiab ua rau muaj kab mob txhuas hauv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu.
2. Mercury
Lwm cov hlau hnyav uas tau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob yog mercury, uas muaj nyob hauv cov sensors thiab keyboards. Ntxiv nrog rau cov av, dej hauv av, thiab cov dej saum npoo av, cov tshuaj yuav ua rau tib neeg lub hlwb puas tsuaj. Coal-burning power stations thiab lwm yam kev lag luam kev lag luam yog qhov loj ntawm ib puag ncig mercury.
3. Cadmium
Cov khoom siv phom sij heev, cadmium yog siv rau hauv textile thiab yas colorants nrog rau cov roj teeb rechargeable. Ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, suav nrog rau lub raum puas, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab pob txha decalcification, paub tias muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog hlau. Ib puag ncig cadmium concentrations yuav paug cov qoob loo, dej, thiab av, ua rau lawv tsis haum rau tib neeg noj.
4. Chromium Hexavalent (CrVI)
Thaum noj hexavalent chromium los yog ua pa, nws yuav ua rau mob hnyav rau tib neeg. Vim nws txoj kev siv dav hauv cov hlau plating, cov tshuaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem ua paug rau hauv av thiab av, ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau ib puag ncig.
5. PBBs, los yog polybrominated biphenyls
Cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab hu ua PBBSs tau siv los txo cov nplaim taws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov polymers. Lawv ua paug dej thiab av thaum lawv tawm mus rau hauv ib puag ncig, uas tau pom tias muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu noj qab haus huv.
6. Diphenyl Ethers Polybrominated (PBDEs)
Zoo ib yam li PBBs, PBDEs yog cov nplaim hluav taws uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Cov tshuaj tau txuas nrog cov teeb meem thyroid thiab cov kab mob neurological, thiab nws tseem nyob hauv ib puag ncig.
Cov European Union txwv tsis pub muag cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj ntau dua ntawm 6 lub tebchaw txaus ntshai uas tau hais los saum toj no dua li tau tso cai. Qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom phom sij pom hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau ua tiav zoo los ntawm RoHS txoj cai. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau lub tuam txhab tau pom tias nws nyuaj rau ua tiav qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Cov neeg tsim khoom tau raug yuam kom hloov lawv txoj kev tsim khoom thiab hloov cov khoom txaus ntshai nrog cov tsis txaus ntshai kom ua raws li RoHS cov cai. Nws tau nyuaj rau nrhiav cov khoom siv uas pheej yig uas ua tiav tib lub hom phiaj raws li cov khoom txwv tsis pub. Cov neeg tsim khoom kuj yuav tsum tau siv nyiaj rau R & D los txhim kho lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab ua raws li kev soj ntsuam kom paub tseeb tias lawv cov khoom ua tiav raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Ob qho tib si ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm RoHS txoj cai. Nws tau ua rau cov neeg nyob nyab xeeb thiab txo cov khoom pov tseg uas tsim kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus qhia tau qhia txog kev xav tau ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov khoom siv phom sij hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Txhawm rau ua kom tiav, RoHS txoj cai tau ua haujlwm zoo los txo kev siv cov khoom txaus ntshai hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tau muag hauv European Union. Lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), thiab polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) yog rau 6 cov tshuaj txwv tsis pub siv uas tau pom tias muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig. RoHS tau pab txhawb rau ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev txo tus nqi ntawm cov thoob khib nyiab pov tseg uas tsim los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub lawv siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nws yog ib kauj ruam ntawm txoj kev mus rau kev ua kom lub ntiaj teb huv thiab noj qab nyob zoo.
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