Qhov twg LED pob kws lub teeb nti coj lub teeb qis qis?

LED lub teeb attenuation yog hais txog qhov txo qis hauv luminous flux thiab luminous efficiency ntawm LED lub teeb qhov chaw tom qab ntev - lub sij hawm fais fab - ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tsis zoo li cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj uas dheev hlawv tawm thiab ua tsis tiav, LED pob kws teeb pom kev maj mam dimming nyob rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev siv. Raws li kev lag luam teeb pom kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv, luminous flux txij nkawm tus nqi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntsuas ntsuas lub teeb attenuation kev ua tau zoo. Thaum lub luminous flux ntawm LED teeb poob mus rau 70% ntawm tus nqi pib, nws txhais tau tias yog qhov kawg ntawm kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm lub teeb.

Lub teeb attenuation muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm LED pob kws teeb. Hauv kev lag luam warehouses, logistics parks, thiab Hoobkas rhiav, ntev - lub sij hawm high light attenuation yuav ua rau tsis txaus ntawm - qhov chaw illumination, ua tsis tau raws li lub teb chaws cov qauv teeb pom kev zoo, cuam tshuam rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm efficiency thiab txawm yuav ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus ntshai. Hauv kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo xws li cov khw muag khoom loj thiab cov khw muag khoom, cov teeb pom kev zoo yuav txo cov xim rendering raug, cuam tshuam cov khoom lag luam, thiab txo qis cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau lub teeb attenuation txhais tau hais tias lub teeb lub neej ua haujlwm luv luv, nce zaus ntawm cov khoom siv hloov thiab tu, thiab ntau dua kev siv hluav taws xob thiab cov nqi khiav lag luam rau cov lag luam.

Lub teeb attenuation ntawm LED pob kws teeb yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nti, cov qauv hluav taws xob, kev tsav tsheb, thiab cov tshuab ntim khoom. Ntawm lawv, LED nti yog qhov tseem ceeb sab hauv, thaum lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev yog lwm yam cuam tshuam rau sab nraud. Ua ntej, cov nti cov khoom siv sab hauv zoo thiab cov txheej txheem epitaxial wafer txiav txim siab qhov thermal tsis kam thiab tam sim no muaj peev xwm ntawm lub teeb ci. Inferior chips muaj qhov tsis sib xws epitaxial txheej kev loj hlob thiab ntau yam tsis xws luag sab hauv, uas yog feem ntau rau luminous efficiency degradation nyob rau hauv ntev - lub sij hawm tam sim no cuam tshuam thiab siab - kub ib puag ncig.

Thib ob, cov txheej txheem txheej txheej phosphor ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub teeb lwj ruaj khov. Cov phosphor tsis sib xws lossis cov khoom siv phosphor tsis zoo yuav ua rau lub zos overheating, aging thiab yellowing, uas ua rau txo lub teeb transmittance thiab ceev lub teeb attenuation. Thib peb, lub nti tam sim no kev ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum lub nti tsis tuaj yeem dais ntev - lub sij hawm ntsuas tam sim no ruaj khov, hluav taws xob to thiab thermal runaway yuav tshwm sim, ua rau cov nti lub teeb pom kev zoo -emitting qauv. Txawm hais tias cov cua kub dissipation thiab lub tshuab tsav tsheb tuaj yeem txwv lub teeb attenuation rau qee qhov, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom qis - zoo chips. Yog li ntawd, xaiv ib qho qis - lwj LED nti yog qhov kev daws teeb meem los txo cov teeb pom kev ntawm pob kws teeb.

corn cob led lights

Tam sim no, LED chips siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem thiab industrial pob kws teeb nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam feem ntau yog muab faib ua peb pawg: tsawg- nqi qis, nruab nrab-qib pa chips, thiab siab -zoo low- lwj chips. Tsawg- cov chips nqi feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom me, nrog cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob ntawm epitaxial, ntau yam hauv cov lattice tsis xws luag, thermal conductivity tsis zoo, thiab tsis zoo tam sim no. Xws li chips pheej yig tab sis muaj teeb meem loj heev. Lub luminous flux depreciation tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 20% tom qab 10,000 teev ntawm kev siv, thiab cov teeb yuav ua tsis tau raws li tus qauv teeb pom kev zoo tom qab 20,000 teev.

Nruab nrab-qib cov pa chips yog cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb hauv nruab nrab thiab qis-kawg teeb pom kev lag luam, nrog rau kev tsim nyog luminous kev ua tau zoo thiab ruaj khov tam sim no muaj peev xwm. Lawv lub teeb attenuation tau txhim kho tau zoo dua piv nrog cov chips qis dua, nrog rau cov luminous flux depreciation ntawm 12% -15% tom qab 10,000 teev. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv ntev -lub sij hawm siab- qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, lub teeb tawg nrawm yuav nrawm dua, thiab lub neej kev pab cuam nyuaj kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam mus sij hawm ntev.

High-zoo qis- cov chips lwj uas sawv cev los ntawm qib siab -qib 2835 SMD chips tshwj xeeb yog ua kom zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev - teeb pom kev zoo txuas mus ntxiv. Los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis epitaxial wafer, siab - cov ntaub ntawv purity semiconductor, thiab cov txheej txheem ntim cov txheej txheem, cov chips ua tiav ultra- tsis tshua muaj thermal resistance, siab tam sim no stability, thiab zoo heev los tiv thaiv- kev laus kev ua tau zoo, dhau los ua cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm siab -kev ua tau zoo LED pob kws teeb.

Yuav kom intuitively xav txog lub teeb attenuation sib txawv ntawm cov chips sib txawv, daim ntawv no txheeb tawm qhov ntev - lub sij hawm luminous flux txij nkawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm peb hom chips nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw ua hauj lwm (qhov kub thiab txias 25 degree, rated tam sim no tsis tu ncua kev ua hauj lwm) los ntawm kev lag luam qauv xeem thwmsim. Cov ntaub ntawv xeem tau lees paub qhov zoo ntawm qhov siab -zoo qis- lwj chips nyob rau hauv ntev - lub sij hawm stability.

Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev xeem (0-10,000 teev), lub luminous flux depreciation tus nqi ntawm qis- nqi qis dua chips yog 18%-22%, qhov nruab nrab-qib cov pa chips yog 11%-MD} thaum lub siab qis tsuas yog S{22-8} depreciation tus nqi tsawg dua 5%. Nyob rau theem thib ob (10,000-30,000 teev), lub teeb tawg ntawm cov chips tsis zoo nkag mus rau lub sijhawm kev laus nrawm, nrog rau tag nrho cov nqi depreciation ntau dua 35%, thiab cov luminous efficiency yog qhov tsis txaus. Tag nrho tus nqi depreciation ntawm nruab nrab-qib chips nce mus txog 20% -25%, thiab cov teeb pom kev zoo tau txo qis. Hauv qhov sib piv, cov khoom zoo 2835 nti tseem tswj tau qhov kev lwj ruaj khov, nrog rau tag nrho cov luminous flux depreciation tus nqi tswj nyob rau hauv 15% tom qab 30,000 teev ntawm kev ua haujlwm tas mus li.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub neej voj voog ntawm 50,000 teev, qhov siab -qib 2835 SMD nti tseem tuaj yeem tswj tau ntau dua 75% ntawm qhov pib luminous flux, ua tau raws li tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb ntawm LED teeb kev pab cuam lub neej. Cov ntaub ntawv no ua pov thawj tag nrho tias cov qib nti yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub teeb attenuation kev ua tau zoo ntawm LED pob kws teeb, thiab tsuas yog siab -zoo optimized chips tuaj yeem ua tiav ntev -lub sij hawm ultra-low light decay operation.

Feem ntau siab -attenuation LED chips ntawm kev ua lag luam muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem. Ua ntej, qis-cov ntaub ntawv purity semiconductor yog siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov nti, uas ua rau muaj siab thermal kuj. Thaum lub teeb ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, cov cua sov uas tsim los ntawm nti luminescence tsis tuaj yeem raug xa tawm hauv lub sijhawm, ua rau muaj kev sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ntev -lub sij hawm siab kub sib txuas yuav ua rau lub nti luminous quantum efficiency, ua rau irreversible aging ntawm lub teeb -emitting txheej, thiab ua kom lub teeb attenuation.

Thib ob, cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob ntawm epitaxial wafer ntawm cov chips tsis zoo yog qhov tsis paub qab hau, nrog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub teeb -emitting txheej thiab tsis sib xws tam sim no diffusion efficiency. Hauv zos tshaj -tam sim no thiab overheating feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ua hauj lwm, ua rau ib nrab burnout ntawm lub teeb - emitting unit thiab maj mam txo ntawm tag nrho cov luminous flux. Thib peb, cov khoom ntim cov kua nplaum thiab cov khoom siv phosphor ntawm qis- cov chips zoo tsis zoo nyob rau hauv siab - kub tsis kam. Ntev -lub sij hawm siab- ib puag ncig kub yuav ua rau phosphor laus, yellowing ntawm ntim kua nplaum, txo lub teeb transmittance, thiab ntxiv aggravate lub teeb attenuation. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chips tsis zoo muaj qhov tsis zoo los tiv thaiv{11}} muaj peev xwm zoo li qub, thiab kev cuam tshuam zoo li qub hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj me me rau cov nti, ua rau lub teeb tawg ntau ntxiv nyob rau theem tom ntej.

Lub siab -qib 2835 SMD nti nruab rau hauv peb cov hwm LED pob kws teeb tau txais siab -purity gallium nitride semiconductor cov ntaub ntawv thiab ultra-thin epitaxial wafer kev loj hlob thev naus laus zis, uas ua rau txo qis hauv thermal kuj ntawm cov nti. Lub nti cov kev tsim hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua tau sai sai ua cov cua sov uas tsim los ntawm lub teeb - emitting txheej rau txhuas substrate thiab tag nrho cov cua kub dissipation qauv ntawm lub teeb, zoo tswj lub nti ua hauj lwm hlws ris kub hauv qab no 75℃rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Kev ruaj khov uas tsis tshua muaj qhov sib txuas tsis txhob cuam tshuam thermal aging kev puas tsuaj rau lub nti lub teeb sab hauv -emitting qauv, zoo heev inhibits tiam thiab acceleration ntawm lub teeb attenuation, thiab ua kom lub sij hawm ntev - lub sij hawm ruaj khov luminous efficiency ntawm lub teeb.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov chips tsis zoo nrog cov khoom siv ntxhib, qhov 2835 nti no tau soj ntsuam cov khoom nruj thiab cov txheej txheem polishing, nrog cov qauv hauv cov lattice thiab tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis xws luag. Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus ntev - lub sij hawm ntsuas qhov cuam tshuam tam sim no thiab siab - kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, tsis muaj luminous efficiency degradation tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj sab hauv, nteg lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau ultra- lub teeb attenuation qis.

Phosphor aging thiab ntim txheej yellowing yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau sab nraud ua rau nti lub teeb attenuation. Lub siab -zoo 2835 SMD nti txais cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws siab - kub resistant phosphor thiab siab -pob tshab los tiv thaiv -aging ntim kua nplaum. Los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis siv neeg zoo thiab cov txheej txheem txheej txheej, cov phosphor yog sib npaug ntawm cov nti lub teeb -emitting nto, tsis txhob muaj cua sov hauv zos thiab kev laus los ntawm kev faib cov phosphor tsis sib xws.

Cov txheej txheem ntim khoom customized tuaj yeem tiv taus siab -kub oxidation thiab ultraviolet aging. Tom qab ua haujlwm ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tas mus li, txheej ntim tseem tuav lub teeb xa hluav taws xob siab thiab tsis muaj yellowing deformation, kom ntseeg tau tias lub teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsis raug txo vim qhov ntim khoom tsis ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov nti siv lub kaw ntom ntom thiab ya raws - cov qauv ntim pov thawj, uas tuaj yeem zam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig noo noo thiab plua plav ntawm lub teeb sab hauv - tawm cov khoom, ntxiv txhim kho cov kev tiv thaiv kev laus - muaj peev xwm thiab qis - lwj ruaj khov ntawm cov nti.

Tsis ruaj tsis khov tam sim no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua rau kom ceev nti lub teeb attenuation. Lub siab -qib 2835 SMD nti muaj peev xwm tam sim no zoo heev thiab tam sim no diffusion uniformity, uas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau 100-305V dav voltage ua haujlwm ib puag ncig ntawm LED pob kws teeb. Nws tuaj yeem tswj tau cov khoom tso tawm tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob hloov pauv, tsis muaj tshaj tam sim no, tsis muaj hluav taws xob to, thiab tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim hauv zos thermal runaway.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nti yog tsim los nrog cov kws tshaj lij los tiv thaiv- zoo li qub thiab tiv thaiv- hluav taws xob cuam tshuam cov qauv, uas tuaj yeem tiv taus kev puas tsuaj zoo li qub thiab cov teeb liab electromagnetic cuam tshuam hauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam ib puag ncig, zam kev hloov pauv cov qauv kev puas tsuaj rau cov nti uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, thiab txo qis lub teeb pom kev tsis zoo nyob rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev siv. Piv nrog cov chips zoo tib yam, nws txoj kev tiv thaiv - cuam tshuam thiab tiv thaiv - kev laus kev ua haujlwm tau zoo dua los ntawm ntau dua 40%.

Txawm hais tias 2835 SMD nti muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb qis qis, qhov kev sib txuam ntawm lub teeb yog xav tau los muab kev ua si tag nrho rau nws qhov zoo. Peb LED pob kws lub teeb yog nruab nrog segmented 6063 aviation aluminium tshav kub dissipation qauv, uas muaj thermal conductivity thiab ceev kub conduction kev ua tau zoo. Qhov qhib cua kub dissipation channel tsim tsim cov cua convection muaj zog, uas tuaj yeem xa tawm cov cua kub sai sai los ntawm qhov qis - lwj nti mus rau qhov chaw sab nraud, ntxiv txo cov nti ua haujlwm kub sib txuas, thiab tsim ob qhov qis dua - lwj lav ntawm "chip low thermal resistance + tag nrho cov cua sov dissipation".

Lub anodized aluminium radiator muaj kev tiv thaiv -corrosion thiab anti- oxidation zog, uas muaj peev xwm tuav tau ntev - lub sij hawm ruaj khov tshav kub dissipation efficiency, tsis txhob tshav kub dissipation attenuation tshwm sim los ntawm radiator aging thiab xeb, thiab xyuas kom meej tias lub nti yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg- kub thiab ruaj khov ua hauj lwm lub xeev nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub neej nti maximize lub voj voog, yog li ntawd.

Lub teeb yog nruab nrog lub siab -zoo cais tsis tu ncua tsav tam sim no, uas tuaj yeem lim cov kab hluav taws xob hloov pauv thiab qhov cuam tshuam tam sim no, muab qhov ntsuas tam sim no tsis tu ncua thiab ruaj khov rau 2835 qis- nti nti, thiab tsis txhob nti lub teeb attenuation tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis ruaj khov tam sim no. Tus neeg tsav tsheb siv ntau- txheej txheej kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb, nrog rau qhov hluav taws xob dhau, overcurrent, luv Circuit Court thiab dhau - kub tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm. Thaum ib puag ncig sab nraud lossis Circuit Court yog qhov txawv txav, nws yuav txiav tawm lub zog los tiv thaiv cov qauv nti ntawm kev puas tsuaj, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov qis - lwj kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov nti.

Thaum muas LED pob kws teeb nrog lub teeb qis attenuation kev ua tau zoo, cov neeg siv yuav tsum coj cov txheej txheem nti ua tus qauv xaiv thawj. Ua ntej, xyuas cov chip thermal kuj tus nqi. Qhov qis dua qhov kev ua haujlwm thermal, qhov muaj zog ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog, qhov ruaj khov ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub, thiab qhov qis dua lub teeb tawg. High-zoo qis- cov chips lwj yuav tsum muaj ultra- tsis tshua muaj thermal tsis kam qis dua qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev lag luam.

Thib ob, tsom mus rau cov ntaub ntawv luminous flux txij nkawm tus nqi. Tsim nyog tsawg- cov chips lwj yuav tsum muaj qhov txo qis qis qis qis dua lossis sib npaug li 5% tom qab 10,000 teev thiab Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 15% tom qab 30,000 teev. Tsis txhob xaiv cov khoom uas tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv kuaj pom lub teeb pom kev zoo. Thib peb, paub meej tias cov khoom siv nti thiab cov txheej txheem ntim khoom, ua ntej cov khoom lag luam nrog siab{10}}cov ntaub ntawv purity semiconductor thiab siab -cov khoom ntim phosphor kub, thiab tshem tawm cov chips qis nrog cov khoom ntim yooj yim thiab yellowing.

Hauv kev tsim khoom siv tswv yim thiab kev ua lag luam, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv qhov sib piv qis - lwj nti qauv raws li kev siv scenario. Rau lub sijhawm ntev- cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua xws li cov chaw tsim khoom, tsev khaws khoom thiab chaw nres tsheb thauj khoom, siab -qib 2835 SMD qis- cov chips lwj yuav tsum raug xaiv los xyuas kom meej 50,000 teev ntawm cov teeb pom kev ruaj khov thiab ultra- qis qis attenuation. Rau cov qauv luv luv-lub sijhawm siv cov xwm txheej, nruab nrab- cov chips nruab nrab nrog kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov tuaj yeem raug xaiv kom tsim nyog, tab sis qis- nqi siab- cov chips qis qis yuav tsum raug tshem tawm tag nrho.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb yuav tsum tsom mus rau tag nrho qhov sib txuam ntawm cov nti thiab cov qauv teeb. Txawm hais tias muaj siab -zoo qis- cov chips lwj, yog tias cov qauv hluav taws xob tawg tsis tsim nyog thiab cov neeg tsav tsheb tsis zoo, nws tseem yuav ua rau kom ceev nti lub teeb attenuation. Yog li ntawd, qis- lwj nti txuam nrog siab- ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum tshav kub kub dissipation system thiab tus tsav tsheb ruaj khov yog qhov siab tiag tiag -lub teeb tsis zoo attenuation LED pob kws lub teeb.

Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas qhov systematic thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib piv hauv daim ntawv no, nws tau xaus lus tias LED nti yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub teeb attenuation kev ua tau zoo ntawm LED pob kws teeb. Ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua lag luam, qib siab - qib optimized 2835 SMD nti muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis tshua muaj teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntawm siab -purity low thermal resistance, high-cov txheej txheem ntim ruaj khov, zoo heev tam sim no thiab tiv thaiv - muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam. Nws lub ultra-low luminous flux depreciation tus nqi thiab ntev-lub sij hawm luminous stability tuaj yeem daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm lub teeb ntau dhau ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov pob kws LED, thiab ua tau raws li qhov ntev - teeb pom kev zoo xav tau ntawm kev lag luam, kev lag luam thiab pej xeem infrastructure scenarios.

Lub teeb qis attenuation kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov nti tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm kev sib txuam optimization ntawm lub teeb hluav taws xob dissipation qauv thiab kev tsav tsheb. Lub 6063 txhuas siv hluav taws xob zoo hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab kev sib cais tsis tu ncua tam sim no tus neeg tsav tsheb zoo kawg nkaus tso tawm qhov qis - lwj qhov zoo ntawm 2835 nti, paub txog 50,000- teev lub neej ua haujlwm ntev thiab ultra- lub teeb attenuation ua haujlwm. Rau cov neeg siv khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov kws tsim khoom, xaiv LED pob kws teeb nruab nrog siab -zoo 2835 SMD qis- lwj chips yog tus nqi tshaj plaws - daws teeb meem zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha kom txo tau lub teeb attenuation, txo cov nqi kho thiab txhim kho teeb pom kev zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm chip technology, qis- lwj, siab -efficiency thiab ntev{16}}lub neej LED chips yuav dhau los ua tus qauv teeb tsa ntawm high-end industrial thiab coj mus muag LED pob kws teeb, thiab txhawb kev hloov kho dua tshiab ntawm tag nrho cov teeb pom kev lag luam.

Peb zoo siab tias peb muaj kev tswj hwm tag nrho ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov khoom zoo vim peb muaj peb tus kheej cov chaw. Txij li thaum peb yog cov neeg tsim khoom ntau dua li cov neeg ua lag luam xwb, peb tau mob siab rau muab peb cov neeg siv khoom nrog tus nqi zoo tshaj. Txij li thaum peb paub tseeb tias tus nqi thiab qhov zoo ntawm peb cov khoom yog pob tshab, peb qhia cov neeg siv khoom los tshuaj xyuas peb cov qauv ua ntej. Peb qhov kev cog lus rau kev ua tau zoo thiab cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab ua rau peb tsis tu ncua muab cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws -notch.

Peb qhov chaw nyob